Beachgoers are urged to exercise caution if they encounter seals or seal carcasses along the coastline following the confirmation of rabies in Cape fur seals.
State veterinarian for epidemiology at the Western Cape Agriculture Department, Dr Lesley van Helden confirmed that rabies has now become endemic in the Cape fur seal population in South Africa.
She said the infection is maintained within the seal population as the animals pass the disease to each other.
"The likelihood of the outbreak ending naturally is very low, which makes rabies a persistent threat among Cape fur seals," Van Helden said.
The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) noted that reports of rabies in seals before 2024 were exceedingly rare. However, since May 2024, multiple cases have been confirmed in Cape fur seals along the Western Cape and Northern Cape coastlines.
The NICD also highlighted that Cape fur seals travel long distances along the coast, from southern Angola to Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape, and can be found on beaches and in harbours, often attracting tourists. There have also been reports of close encounters between seals and swimmers, divers, and surfers, increasing the risk of exposure.
Belinda Abraham, spokesperson for the Cape of Good Hope SPCA, has urged the public to take extra precautions when encountering seals or other wildlife.
She warned that people should not approach, touch, or interact with seals, even if they appear healthy. “If a seal enters the water while you are swimming, it’s best to exit immediately,” she advised.
Pet owners have also been asked to be vigilant.
Abraham emphasised the importance of keeping dogs on a leash and ensuring they do not approach seals or any other wild animals. She said rabies vaccinations for pets are a critical measure in preventing the spread of the disease.
Unusual behaviour in seals should be reported to the SPCA or local wildlife authorities.
Abraham said signs of rabies may include excessive aggression, an unusually docile demeanor, abnormal vocalisation, difficulty moving, or foaming at the mouth. “If you see a seal acting strangely, do not try to help it — contact the authorities immediately,” she said.
She also stressed the importance of immediate action if bitten or scratched by a seal or any wild animal. “Wash the wound with soap and water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention right away,” she said, adding that post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) must be administered as soon as possible to prevent infection.
The Cape of Good Hope SPCA has confirmed that all its staff have been vaccinated and trained to handle suspected rabies cases.
While their response to animals in distress remains unchanged, they have implemented specific protocols for the collection of tissue samples and reporting to state veterinary services.
Cape Argus