Blackheads are one of the most common and stubborn forms of acne, and they tend to show up at the worst times.
They usually appear on your nose, forehead, chin, or even on your back, and can be very frustrating to treat.
However, understanding what causes blackheads can help you take the right steps to prevent and eliminate them.
What are blackheads?
Blackheads, also known as open comedones, are a type of acne lesion.
They form when pores become clogged with excess oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and sometimes bacteria.
Unlike whiteheads, blackheads are open at the surface, which allows the contents to oxidise and turn black when exposed to air.
It’s important to note that the dark colour isn’t dirt but simply the result of oxidation.
What causes blackheads?
Several factors can contribute to the formation of blackheads, including:
- Excess sebum production: Oily skin is more prone to blackheads due to the overproduction of sebum.
- Hormonal changes: Hormones can increase oil production, especially during puberty, menstruation, or pregnancy.
- Improper skincare: Using the wrong products or not cleansing properly can lead to clogged pores.
- Dead skin cell buildup: When dead skin isn't removed through exfoliation, it can accumulate and clog pores.
- Environmental factors: Pollution and humidity can mix with sebum and dirt, increasing the likelihood of blackheads.
How to get rid of blackheads
Getting rid of blackheads takes consistency and the right skincare approach. Here are effective ways to tackle them.
Gently cleanse regularly
Use a gentle cleanser twice a day to remove dirt, oil, and makeup.
Avoid harsh soaps or over-washing, which can irritate the skin and trigger more oil production.
Exfoliate with salicylic acid
Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) that penetrates deep into pores to dissolve oil and dead skin.
Regular exfoliation with salicylic acid helps prevent and treat blackheads.
Use retinoids
Topical retinoids (like adapalene or tretinoin) increase cell turnover and prevent clogged pores.
They are highly effective for treating blackheads and improving overall skin texture.
Try clay masks
Clay masks (especially those with kaolin or bentonite) help absorb oil and draw out impurities from the pores, making them a great weekly treatment.
Avoid pore-clogging products
Look for skincare and makeup products labelled “non-comedogenic.”
Avoid heavy creams, especially on oily or acne-prone areas.
Professional treatments
If at-home treatments aren’t enough, consider seeing a dermatologist or esthetician.
They can offer professional extractions, chemical peels, or laser treatments tailored to your skin type.
What not to do
- Don’t squeeze or pick: This can push bacteria deeper into the skin and cause scarring.
- Avoid abrasive scrubs: Harsh scrubs can damage the skin and worsen blackheads.
- Don’t over-dry your skin: Drying out your skin can lead to more oil production, creating a cycle of breakouts.
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